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History of Ragnarok Emulation
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=== Cheating and botting === Now we know the background of what a packet sniffer is, it's needless to say that -- because the packets being sent using the Ragnarok protocol were not encrypted (i.e. not sent securely), cheaters quickly found out which packets were the juicy ones that could be exploited and began to create programs (commonly known as trainers) which were able to do various interesting things such as teleport you back to your save point without using an item, attack at an insanely fast rate, impersonate GMs or other players, walk at a very fast speed, or send profane text. These all occurred because the server broke a relatively well-known principle: always validate what the user is sending to you. If you send a packet saying your name is "god-poing", but the name of the character linked to you is called "jimbob" then you probably shouldn't send a response to everyone else in the game saying "god-poing said X" because.. they didn't. Nevertheless, it's thought the very origins of server emulation and cheating had some overlap. Many of the authors of the cheat programs also published readme files and other information on forums detailing which packets did what, and it's very likely that in the early days of Ragnarok Online development that some of these were reused. In addition to the cheaters, there were also the early botters like those who wrote bot programs like RagEmu, Chaos-LokiBot, Kyne Bot, ApezBot, ROE and various others likely lost to history. These groups immediately set about making a Ragnarok Online bot client which would pretend to be a regular Ragnarok Online desktop client, but would automate out various tasks, ranging from farming items or experience, to just harassing users or spamming profanity or other users for whatever reason. In trying to get ''cool stuff'' without having to put in the work manually, many of the authors of bot programs most likely uncovered the protocol before server reverse engineers as they would have had to know what format the server would send various packets in, and how to respond to those packets. Either way, because so much of these activities had so much overlap - there were groups developing bots, and cheats, and likely server emulators at the same time, it is a possibility they all independently arrived at the same protocol since it was relatively easy to reproduce, but it is also more likely that there was some sharing between groups, either implicit or explicit in, which likely proliferated the development of each in turn.
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